Infektivni peritonitis mačaka (FIP) u našem sekcionom materijalu

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) has been diagnozed in our section material in 23 cats, 19 Persian and 4 domestic, of both sexes, aged between 5 months and 8 years. The majority of the infected population were animals under 20 months of age. The macroscopic finding in most cats was of granulomatous character, and large quantities of goldenyellow gelatinous exudate were observed in the stomach cavity of 7 animals, corresponding to the exudative form of FIP. Granulomas were in most cases located in the abdomen wall, liver, spleen, omentum and serous membrane of intestines, and the histological structure was characterized by fibrinoid-necrotic centers with numerous lymphocytes, monocytes, angioblasts and fibroblasts. Immunohistochemically, feline corona virus (FCV) antigens were exprimed in the cytoplasm of macrophages, more rarely in plasma cells in granulomas, and sometimes in necrotized areas.Infektivni peritonitis mačaka (FIP) dijagnostikovan je u našem sekcionom materijalu kod 23 mačke, 19 persijskih i 4 domaće, oba pola, uzrasta između 5 meseci i 8 godina. Većinu inficirane populacije činile su životinje mlađe od 20 meseci. Makroskopski nalaz bio je kod većine mačaka granulomatoznog karaktera, a kod 7 životinja uočena je veća količina zlatno-žutog želatinoznog eksudata u trbušnoj duplji, što odgovara eksudativnoj formi FIP-a. Granulomi su bili smešteni u većini slučajeva u zidu abdomena, jetri slezini, omentumu i serozi creva, a histološka građa odlikovala se fibrinoidno-nekrotičnim centrima, sa mnogobrojnim limfocitima, monocitima angioblastima i fibroblastima. Imunohistohemijski, antigeni corona-virusa mačaka (FCV) eksprimirani su u citoplazmi makrofaga, ređe u plazma ćelijama u granulomima, a ponekad i u nekrotizovanim oblastima

Functional Outcome Assessment of Lower Limb Amputees and Prosthetic Users with a 2-Minute Walk Test

The aim of this study was to assess the functional outcome of a population of lower limb amputees supplied with prosthesis. The research was conducted from June to September of 2010 at the Center for Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, of the Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Croatia. The study included 50 adult subjects of both genders with a unilateral transtibial or transfemoral lower limb amputations. The 2-minute walk test (2MWT) was used to assess the functional outcome of these individuals. Data were statistically analyzed. Subjects were divided into groups according to age. The best results were obtained by subjects between the age of 45 and 59 years. The difference between groups was statistically significant (p<0.001). Taking into account the cause of amputation, there was a statistically significant difference in the results of the 2 MWT between subjects in whom the cause of amputation was circulatory and those where the cause of the amputation was not due to circulatory problems. The best results were obtained in subjects in whom the cause of amputation was not circulatory (p=0.009). Considering the level of amputation there was a statistically significant difference in the results of the 2MWT between subjects with transtibial and those with transfemoral amputations. Better results were obtained in transtibial amputees (p=0.039). Considering the first prosthetic supply, better results were obtained in subjects using prosthetic devices over 9 years (p=0.031). Our research confirmed that age, gender, level and cause of amputation, including the time from the first prosthetic supply have an effect on the 2MWT results

The role of hepatic myofibroblasts in liver cirrhosis in fallow deer (Dama dama) naturally infected with giant liver fluke (Fascioloides magna)

Background: This paper describes liver cirrhosis in 35 fallow deer infected with the giant liver fluke, as well as the distribution, origin, and role of myofibroblasts in its development. Results: In liver of infected deer, stripes of connective tissue are wound around groups of degenerated and regenerated liver lobuli. In the connective tissue, lymphocytes and macrophages which often contain parasite hematin are also present. The walls of the bile ducts are thickened, the epithelium multiplied with mucous metaplasia, and desquamated cells, parasite eggs and brown pigment are present in their lumen. In the livers with cirrhosis, immunopositivity to alpha-SMA and desmin was observed in cells in portal and septal spaces, at the edge between fibrotic septa and the surrounding parenchyma and in perisinusoidal spaces. These cells vary in size, they are round, oval, spindle-shaped or irregular in shape, similar to vascular smooth muscle cells. The derangement of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions detected in chronic cholangiopathies is most probably the pro-fibrogenic mechanism in liver cirrhosis of fallow deer (Dama dama) infected with the giant liver fluke (Fascioloides magna). Conclusion: Myofibroblasts, especially hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), play an important role in the synthesis of extracellular matrix components in the development of parasitic fibrosis and cirrhosis in the liver of fallow deer

Conjunctival Amelanotic Melanoma – A Case Report

Conjunctival melanoma is a relatively rare malignancy. It is presented as pigmented nodule in any area of conjunctiva, amelanotic tumors are pink with smooth apperance. The authors describe an amelanotic melanoma of the conjunctiva in an 82-year-old female patient. Cytological, histopathological and immunohistochemical studies revealed an invasive amelanotic melanoma exhibiting S-100 and MART-1 positivity. The patient undervent surgical and chemotherapy treatement and three years after the initial treatment is in the terminal stage of metastatic disease. Absence of pigmentation delayed early clinical detection and treatement. Awareness of this nonpigmented melanoma is crucial for early recognition and appropriate management

Prognostic markers significant for therapy of tumours in dogs

Višestruki onkogeni efekti utiču na inhibiciju maturacije ćelije, migraciju i tkivnu invaziju. Razvoj tumora podrazumeva nesklad između proliferacije, rasta i diferencijacije, što je praćeno značajnim genotipskim i fenotipskim varijacijama. Kvalitativno i kvantitativno određivanje bioloških prognostičkih faktora u tkivu govori o metastatskom potencijalu tumora i predikciji neoplastične bolesti. Faktore angiogeneze i brojne aktivirajuće i inhibitorne proteine moguće je imunohistohemijski dokazati u tkivu tumora, a imunofenotipizacija limfoma je nužna za izbor terapijskog protokola. Određivanje proliferativnog potencijala tumorskih ćelija imunohistohemijskom detekcijom PCNA, Ki-67, CD-117, CD45 koristi se u gradiranju mastocitoma. Sve je značajnija klinička korelacija rasta tumora sa ekspresijom različitih antigena na tumorskim ćelijama.The multiple oncogenic effects on the inhibition of cell maturation, on cell migration and tissue invasion, is responsible for the occurrence of tumours. The development of tumours implies a disproportion between proliferation, growth and differentiation, which is accompanied by significant genotypic and phenotypic variations in the diseased. The qualitative and quantitative determination of the biological prognostic factors in the tissue indicates possible tumour metastasizing, and consequently also the prognosis of the neoplastic disease. It is possible immunohistochemically to prove factors of angiogenesis and numerous activating and inhibiting proteins in the tumour tissue, which is also very important for properly choice of lymphoma therapy. The determination of the proliferative potential of tumour cells by immunohistochemical detection of PCNA, Ki-67, CD-117, CD 45, is used in grading of mast cell tumours. In addition to other histological, clinical and biological parameters, they are significant for the further prognosis and therapy of neoplasms

Mastocitom unutar lipoma kod bele toj pudle

Uprkos činjenici da su mastocitomi jedna od najčešćih neoplazmi kod pasa, postoji samo jedan objavljeni slučaj mastocitoma u lipomu. U ovom slučaju, kod 11-godišnje ženke toj pudle primećeno je prisustvo dobro ograničene, pokretne, meko-elastične mase na lateralnoj strani grudnog koša. Histopatološki pregled je pokazao dobro ograničenu masu koja se sastojala od zrelih adipocita između kojih se nalaze skupine ćelija sa granuliranom citoplazmom. Bojenjem toluidin plavim je dokazano prisustvo metahromatskih granula u citoplazmi mastocita. Histopatološke i imunohistohemijske karakteristike ukazale su na to da je ispitani mastocitom niskog stepena maligniteta

Morfološko i imunocitohemijsko ispitivanje tumorskih ćelija kod Marekove bolesti

In this paper are described the macroscopic, microscopic and immunophenotypic characteristics of tumors in Marek’s disease (MD). Liver, kidneys, lungs, heart, proventriclus, ovary and nerves of sciatic plexus collected from 20 chickens aged 8 to 24 weeks were examined. Lymphoproliferative enlargement in various organs of focal and diffuse character was found. The affected organs were enlarged, compact and very brittle, irregular in shape, grayish-red or grayish-white and of fatty consistency. Most often characteristic changes were in the spleen, liver, proventriculus and ovary that usually had a compact or ribbed, fatty cauliflower like formation, different in size. On histological examination proliferation of small and medium size lymphocytes, lymphoblast cells, Marek’s disease cells and activated reticulum cells were found. Tumor proliferates predominantly consisted of lymphoblasts and had all the characteristics of a lymphoma. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that lymphoma cells in MD are of CD3 + phenotype. In liver proliferates numerous CD79+ cells were found perivasculary, which is an interesting finding demanding further research.U ovom radu su opisane makroskopske, mikroskopske i imunofenotipske karakteristike tumora kod Marekove bolesti (MB). Ispitivanjem su bili obuhvaćeni jetra, bubreg, pluća, srce, žlezdani želudac, jajnik i nervi ishijadičnog pleksusa dvadeset pilića starosti između8i24 nedelje. U ispitivanom materijalu ustanovljeno je limfoproliferativno bujanje u različitim organima, fokalnog ili difuznog karaktera, pri čemu su zahvaćeni organi znatno povećani, kompaktni i veoma krti, često nepravilnog oblika, sivocrveni ili sivobeli, slaninastog izgleda. Najčešće i najkarakterističnije su bili promenjeni slezina, jetra, žlezdani želudac, jajnici koji obično predstavljaju kompaktne ili izbrazdane tvorevine poput karfiola, slaninastog izgleda i različite veličine. Histološki, u organima se nalaze proliferati malih i srednjih limfocita, zatim limfoblasta, ćelija Marekove bolesti i aktivisane retikulumske ćelije. Tumorski proliferati su predominantno sastavljeni od limfoblasta i imaju sve karakteristike limfoma. Imunohistohemijskom analizom je ustanovljeno da su ćelije limfoma kod MB predominantno T ćelijskog tipa, CD3 fenotipa. U proliferatu u jetri su nađene i brojne CD79 pozitivne ćelije lokalizovane perivaskularno, što predstavlja interesantan nalaz i zahteva dalja ispitivanja

Ekspresija KIT receptora na kutanim mastocitomima pasa bez c-kit mutacija

Histopathological examination, grading, immunohistochemical staining and molecular genetic examinations are the proposed criteria that should be used for cutaneous mast cell tumors (CMCTs) classification. The presence of aberrant CD117 expression and mutations of the c-kit proto-oncogene could be an indicative parameter for final histological grading. Determination of the connection between the localization of KIT receptor expression and the histological grade of CMCTs without c-kit proto-oncogene mutations was the main goal of this study. The study included twenty four CMCTs and six control skin samples from 30 dogs of different ages, breed and sex. Formalinfixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue and immunohistochemically tested for CD117 expression. DNA was extracted from the same paraffin blocks and subsequent polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed using PE1 and PE2 primers. Degree of malignancy was determined based on the presence of mitotic figures, multinucleated cells, bizarre nuclei and karyomegaly in 10 high power fields. Based on histological features, fourteen of 24 CMCTs were of a high histological grade, while ten were classified as a lowgrade malignancy. CD117 cytoplasmic expression was observed in nine of fourteen high-grade malignancy CMCTs, which confirms the link between the aberrant CD117 expression and increased cell proliferation.Histopatološko ispitivanje, gradacija, imunohistohemijsko bojenje i molekularno genetska ispitivanja su predloženi kriterijumi za klasifikaciju kutanih mastocitoma pasa. Prisustvo aberantne ekspresije CD117 i mutacija c-kit protoonkogena moglo bi da bude indikativni parameter za finalnu histopatološku klasifikaciju mastocitoma. Glavni cilj ispitivanja je određivanje povezanosti mesta ekspresije KIT receptora i histološkog gradusa mastocitoma bez c-kit mutacija. Ispitivanjima su obuhvaćena 24 mastocitoma i 6 kontrolnih isečaka kože uzorkovanih od ukupno 30 odraslih pasa različitog uzrasta, rase i pola. Uzorci fiksirani u formalinu i ukalupljeni u parafinske kalupe su bojeni hematoksilin-eozinom, toluidin plavo metodom i imunohistohemijski primenom CD117 antitela. DNK je izolovana iz istih parafinskih kalupa, a PCR amplifikacija je izvršena primenom specifičnih prajmera PE1 i PE2. Stepen malignosti je utvrđen na osnovu prisustva mitotskih figura, multinuklearnih ćelija, ćelija sa bizarnim jedrom i kariomegalije na 10 polja velikog uveličanja. Na osnovu histopatoloških osobina, 14 od 24 mastocitoma su svrstani u visoki stepen maligniteta, dok je 10 mastocitoma niskog stepena maligniteta. Citoplazmatska ekspresija CD117 je uočena kod 9 od 14 mastocitoma visokog stepena maligniteta, što potvrđuje vezu između aberantne ekspresije CD117 i povećane ćelijske proliferacije

Efikasnost detoksikujućeg agensa kod T-2 toksikoze brojlera

This investigation was conducted in order to investigate the efficacy of the detoxifying agent Mycofix® Plus (MP) in the prevention and/or alleviation in vivo adverse effects of T-2 toxin in broilers. In addition, the adsorbing potential of MP was estimated in vitro. Mean degradation levels of T-2 toxin with MP in vitro, as measured by HPTLC, varied from 26.06 to 31.02 % and the adsorption ability was elevated in acidic environment (pH 3). In vivo trial was performed on 160 one day old 'Ross' broiler chicks and lasted for 21 days. Birds were divided into 4 equal groups as follows: Group 1 - negative control; Group 2 - positive control - 2 ppm T-2 toxin; Group 3 - 2 ppm T-2 toxin+2 kg/t MP; Group 4 - 2 kg/t MP. Broilers fed the diet containing 2 mg/kg of T-2 toxin without MP developed typical T-2 toxicosis. Birds that were fed the diet containing both T-2 and MP had better performances and no oral ulcerations as the dominant sign of T-2 toxicosis were observed. Histopathological examination of tissues originating from birds fed the diet containing T-2 toxin revealed degenerative changes in the oral and small intestine mucosa, necroses of enterocytes and hepatocytes, as well as depletion of lymphocytes in the bursa Fabricii. Immunohistochemical examination also revealed negative effects of T-2 toxin on cells proliferation in intestineal and bile duct mucosa, as well as on lymphocytes from bursa Fabricii. The macroscopic and microscopic structure of the liver, intestine and bursa Fabricii of broilers fed a diet containing T-2 toxin and MP was mostly preserved. Cutaneous basophile hypersensitivity reaction was weaker in broilers fed mixtures containing 2 mg/kg T-2 toxin.U cilju ispitivanja efikasnosti detoksikujućeg agensa Mycofix® Plus (MP) na preveniranje ili ublažavanje štetnih efekata T-2 toksikoze kod brojlera izvedena su ispitivanja u in vitro uslovima, kao i in vivo ogled. Prosečne vrednosti degradacije T-2 toksina od strane MP u in vitro uslovima, ustanovljene HPTLC metodom, su iznosile 26,06 do 31,02 %, pri čemu je konstatovana veća sposobnost adsorpcije ovog toksina u kiseloj sredini (pH 3). In vivo ogled je bio postavljen na 160 jednodnevnih brojlera provenijencije 'Ross', podeljenih u 4 eksperimentalne grupe sa po 40 jedinki u svakoj i trajao je 21 dan. Praćenjem zdravstvenog stanja, kliničke slike i proizvodnih rezultata, kod brojlera koji su u hrani dobijali umešan T-2 toksin u količini od 2 mg/kg, konstatovani su karakteristični simptomi za T-2 toksikozu. Kod brojlera koji su uz toksin, hranom dobijali iMP, konstatovani su zaštitni efekti u vidu izostanka ulceracija u usnoj duplji i boljih proizvodnih rezultata u odnosu na brojlere koji su dobijali samo T-2 toksin. Patohistološkim ispitivanjima uočeni su negativni efekti T-2 toksina u svim ispitivanim organima u vidu degenerativnih promena na sluzokoži usne duplje i tankog creva, nekroza enterocita i hepatocita kao i deplecija limfocita u Fabricijevoj burzi. Imunohistohemijskim ispitivanjima uočeni su negativni efekti T-2 toksina na proliferativnu aktivnost ćelija mukoze creva, žučnih kanala i limfocita u Fabricijevoj burzi. Kod brojlera koji su putem hrane dobijali T-2 toksin i adsorbens MP, zapaža se uglavnom očuvana makroskopska i mikroskopska struktura jetre, creva i Fabricijeve burze. Reakcija kožne preosetljivosti na PHA je bila slabija kod brojlera koji su hranom dobijali samo T-2 toksin